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Red Herring: This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. But if those examples were not representative, then they are biased, and the reasoning faulty. A speaker would need to show that the athletes used in the example are representative, in terms of their race, gender, sport, and background, of the population of athletes at the university. Straw Man: This move oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. While such a statement may garner a speaker some political capital, it is not based on solid reasoning. Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students. NOT-by adding a closing sentence that rebuts the counterclaim so that the reader knows the claim is right, Facts, statistics, quotations, and anecdotes are all types of. FutureLearn: Online Courses and Degrees from Top Universities The hasty generalization fallacy relates to inductive reasoning and is the result of too few examples being cited to warrant the generalization. Arguing that college athletes shouldnt receive scholarships because they do not have the scholastic merit of other students and have less academic achievement could be supported by sharing several examples. Persuasive speakers should be concerned with what strengthens and weakens an argument. It's important to be aware of these fallacies in order to critically evaluate arguments and avoid being misled. Circular Argument (petitio principii) Hasty Generalization. In modern society, people are spending too much time using technological devices. ; Continuum fallacy (fallacy of the beard, line-drawing fallacy, sorites fallacy, fallacy of the heap, bald man fallacy . Type of Element : prefix The Fallacies Listed Below Are Not Always Fallacious For example, the Slippery Slope will be fallacious if the argument's conclusion doesn't occur. The if/then relationship that is set up in causal reasoning can be persuasive, but the reasoning isnt always sound. This also sets up cognitive dissonance, which is a persuasive strategy we will discuss later. A fallacy is an unconscious lie. The appeal to tradition fallacy argues that something should continue because its the way things have been done before. Someone may use this type of argument when they feel threatened by a potential change. On the other hand, the following is an example of an informal fallacy: Premise 1: The weatherman said that it's going to rain next week. Copyright 1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. Use your words in consistent ways without shifting meanings. Make sure that the conclusion isnt just restating the premise or one of the premises.
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which sentence should be revised to avoid fallacious reasoning?