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Tahmasps grandson Abbas I, generally considered the strongest Safavid shah as well as one of the greatest rulers in Iranian history, found himself compelled to take up arms once again (Figure 4.21). The Ottoman Turks and Safavids fought over the fertile plains of Iraq for more than 150 years. The Safavid era witnessed a political, religious and military reorganisation and unification of which Iran as it stands today is in no small degree the legacy. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Shah ljeitthe sultan of Ilkhanate converted to Twelver Shiism in thirteenth century. Never was the Divine Right of Kings more fully developed than by the Safavid shahs. He also made Efahn the capital of Persia and fostered commerce and the arts, so that Persian artistic achievement reached a high point in his reign . The Shia movement originated with a dispute over Muhammads successor after his death in 632. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. The art of the Safavids is simply magnificent. Safavid Empire Flashcards | Quizlet He ordered all Irans Sunni Muslims to become Shiites. The fourth vakil was murdered by the Qezelbash, and the fifth was put to death by them. In 1750, it was mostly governed through a loose confederation of powerful princely states ^1 1 and rich port cities. Royal manuscripts provide a glimpse into the fusion of regional styles used in early Safavid art. The epic called the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), a stellar example of manuscript illumination and calligraphy, was made during Shah Tahmasp's reign. The Afghans rode roughshod over their conquered territory for a dozen years, but were prevented from making further gains by Nadir Shah Afshar, a former slave who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar tribe in Khorasan, a vassal state of the Safavids. The Sunni scholars, called Ulama (from alim, knowledge), were either killed or exiled. Omissions? In practice, however, there were well defined limits to this absolutism, even when the shah was a strong and capable ruler. on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. All levels of society could mix there, from members of the royal court whose pavilion overlooked the square, to the Shiite clergy whose mosque was at the squares southern end, to foreign dignitaries, members of the military, merchants, and commoners.
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political structure of the safavid empire