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During this time 80,000 people were accused of witchcraft and, of them, 40,000 were killed as punishment. The Witchcraft Act of 1563 had established witchcraft as a felony in England and Wales and, as such, suspected witches could be tried in the assize courts. The surgeons named on the certificate were all professional men and members of the Barber-Surgeons company; several of them were in royal service. The bronze figure forms part of 'St Michaels Victory over the Devil', which was unveiled at the cathedral by Epsteins widow, Kathleen, in 1960. This number is extremely high for such a small nation; with less than a quarter of Englands population at this time, Scotland had three times the number of trials. References in contemporary literature regularly make reference to women giving evidence in court that they have found suspicious marks upon the bodies of accused witches. In England condemned witches were hanged rather than burnt in line with the status of witchcraft as a felony under the common law. In fairytales, fantasy and satire, they appear time and again as a versatile synonym for evil and transgression. : An illustration from a 1619 pamphlet showing Anne Baker of Bottesford, Joan Willimot of Goodby and Ellen Greene of Stathern, who were all tried for witchcraft (, https://www.youtube.com/user/EnglishHeritageFilm. Read about the remarkable lives of some of the women who have left their mark on society and shaped our way of life from Anglo-Saxon times to the 20th century. And dont let her give you anything, especially anything connected with food, and extra-especially food itself. False ideas about witchcraft and the witch hunts persist today. A bizarre set of accusations, including the sacrifice of children, was made by the Syrians against the Jews in Hellenistic Syria in the 2nd century bce. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. And why was the Privy Council, the elite group of advisors around the king, interested in four women from rural Lancashire? Witchcraft in the 17th Century Folklore and accounts of trials indicate that a woman who was not protected by a male family member might have been the most likely candidate for an accusation, but the evidence is inconclusive. Little Ice Age, Big Consequences., https://www.history.com/news/little-ice-age-big-consequences, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/early-modern-witch-trials/, Lambert, T. A History of the Witch Trials in Europe., Lanchester, J. It is stark, disturbing evidence of what was done to ordinary people, by other ordinary people. Many others knew that old women could be persecuted by their neighbours for no reason other than that they werent very attractive. Top image: An illustration from a 1619 pamphlet showing Anne Baker of Bottesford, Joan Willimot of Goodby and Ellen Greene of Stathern, who were all tried for witchcraft (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Most recently we haveinvestigatedfour deadly pandemics and epidemics thatchanged livesinthe UK over the last 600 years. The second is like the nipple or teat of a womans breast but of the same colour with the rest of skin without any hollowness or issue for any blood or juice to come from thence. 2.
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10 facts about witchcraft in the 17th century